PatentBrief

Electronic network for collective decision based on large number of connections between signals

Amplifiers, optionally having complementary (positive and negative) outputs, are connected to a matrix of input and output conductors (where the output conductors are each a pair for the case of complementary amplifier o…

Granted 1987activeExpired 2005Owned by California Institute of TechnologyInvented by John J. Hopfield

Original patent title: “Electronic network for collective decision based on large number of connections between signals

What this patent covers

The actual claim

Amplifiers, optionally having complementary (positive and negative) outputs, are connected to a matrix of input and output conductors (where the output conductors are each a pair for the case of complementary amplifier outputs). Each connection is implemented with a resistors Rij=Rji connecting the output(s) of amplifiers j to the input of amplifiers i, and vice versa, where i and j are the ith and jth amplifiers not necessarily in sequence. The value of each resistor is selected for the nature of the decisional operation intended to satisfy the following circuit equation of motion <IMAGE> where Vj=g(uj) the output of amplifier j due to an input ui, Ci is the input capacitance of amplifier i, and Ri is the equivalent of pi and Rij according to the equation <IMAGE> and Rij=Rji. For the implementation of an associative memory, only positive (or negative) output terminals need be connected by resistors of unit value to input terminals of amplifiers i and j for the amplifier i in which a binary 1 is to be stored. (The amplifier j is one or more of the other amplifiers.) The outputs of the array of amplifiers will produce the entire word stored in response to a few bit-1 input signals Ii to amplifiers so connected by resistors Rij. For problem solution, the resistance Rij=Rji is selected to have a value that, with appropriate signals at all input conductors (perhaps zero) the network will collectively drive to a stable state at the complementary output terminals which provide an output code word that is a very good solution to the problem.

What this patent does NOT cover

The boundaries

    These exclusions are unique to PatentBrief — derived from the actual claim language, not patent-office boilerplate.

    Electronic network for collect…(Primary claim)

    Schematic visualization of the patent's claim structure. Hand-drawn diagrams in progress for each landmark patent.

    Patent Abstract

    Patent abstract

    Amplifiers, optionally having complementary (positive and negative) outputs, are connected to a matrix of input and output conductors (where the output conductors are each a pair for the case of complementary amplifier outputs). Each connection is implemented with a resistors Rij=Rji connecting the output(s) of amplifiers j to the input of amplifiers i, and vice versa, where i and j are the ith and jth amplifiers not necessarily in sequence. The value of each resistor is selected for the nature of the decisional operation intended to satisfy the following circuit equation of motion <IMAGE> where Vj=g(uj) the output of amplifier j due to an input ui, Ci is the input capacitance of amplifier i, and Ri is the equivalent of pi and Rij according to the equation <IMAGE> and Rij=Rji. For the implementation of an associative memory, only positive (or negative) output terminals need be connected by resistors of unit value to input terminals of amplifiers i and j for the amplifier i in which a binary 1 is to be stored. (The amplifier j is one or more of the other amplifiers.) The outputs of the array of amplifiers will produce the entire word stored in response to a few bit-1 input signals Ii to amplifiers so connected by resistors Rij. For problem solution, the resistance Rij=Rji is selected to have a value that, with appropriate signals at all input conductors (perhaps zero) the network will collectively drive to a stable state at the complementary output terminals which provide an output code word that is a very good solution to the problem.

    Patent Journey

    From filing to expiry

    Patent Filed

    1985

    Patent Granted

    1987 · 2yr after filing

    Highly Cited

    167 patents cite this

    Patent Expired

    2005

    PatentBrief Score

    Impact Score

    48/ 100

    Moderate

    Citation count

    40/40

    Highly cited

    Claim breadth

    8/20

    Moderate scope

    Recency

    0/20

    Older than 20 years

    Assignee scale

    0/20

    Independent or smaller assignee

    PatentBrief Impact Score — based on citation count, claim breadth, recency, and assignee scale. Not a legal assessment.

    The original legal language

    Original claims

    12 claims as filed with the patent office.

    Citations

    Patent lineage

    Cites earlier patents

    6

    earlier patents this invention cites as foundations

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    Cited by later patents

    167

    later patents that build on this invention

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