Average number of explicit scope exclusions per patent, by technology domain.
life_sciences
avg 5.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover detection methods that do not use a labeled oligonucleotide.”
cybersecurity
avg 5.3 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover anomaly detection systems that do not create a unique 'entity profile' for each network participant.”
oncology
avg 5.1 exclusions
10 patents
e.g. “CAR T-cell therapies that target cancer cells expressing antigens other than CD19.”
immunology
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover antibodies that are entirely mouse-derived or entirely human-derived, as it specifically claims a 'humani…”
drug_delivery
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
chemistry
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover non-targeted platinum drugs that distribute throughout the body without a specific cancer cell homing mec…”
healthcare
avg 5.0 exclusions
8 patents
e.g. “Diagnostic methods that do not rely on measuring the specific calpain-cleaved αII-spectrin N-terminal fragment (SNTF) in…”
retail
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover electronic cash registers with digital displays.”
research_tools
avg 5.0 exclusions
6 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
Gene Editing
avg 4.9 exclusions
21 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
diagnostics
avg 4.9 exclusions
7 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
robotics
avg 4.8 exclusions
18 patents
e.g. “Does not cover actuators that lack a mechanical differential with three distinct interaction ports.”
medical_devices
avg 4.7 exclusions
31 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
clean_energy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover systems that generate electricity by burning fossil fuels or other hydrocarbons, as it explicitly states …”
nuclear_energy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover control methods that use only neutron absorbing materials without also including neutron scattering mater…”
renewable_energy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover wind turbine blades where the front surface facing the wind is not substantially concave.”
immunotherapy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover cancer immunotherapies that use different peptide sequences than KESDGFHRF.”
manufacturing
avg 4.6 exclusions
13 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
chemical_manufacturing
avg 4.3 exclusions
6 patents
e.g. “Does not cover catalyst electrodes made without using all three specified metals: iron, cobalt, and nickel compounds.”
medical
avg 4.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover making porous PTFE by methods other than rapid stretching of a paste-extruded, highly crystalline PTFE ar…”
Pharmaceuticals
avg 4.3 exclusions
124 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
Telecommunications
avg 4.2 exclusions
321 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
Biotechnology
avg 4.2 exclusions
169 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
Software
avg 4.2 exclusions
378 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
Clean Energy
avg 4.2 exclusions
82 patents
e.g. “Batteries that are opened after the initial pre-lithiation step (Claim 3).”
materials
avg 4.2 exclusions
97 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
Automotive
avg 4.2 exclusions
90 patents
e.g. “Batteries that are opened after the initial pre-lithiation step (Claim 3).”
Semiconductors
avg 4.2 exclusions
151 patents
e.g. “Amplifiers that do not use an out-phasing configuration.”
finance
avg 4.2 exclusions
32 patents
e.g. “Digital currency systems not controlled by a central issuer (e.g., decentralized cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin).”
AI & Machine Learning
avg 4.2 exclusions
180 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
gaming
avg 4.0 exclusions
16 patents
e.g. “Detecting inactivity using only one type of sensor data (e.g., only motion or only camera).”
Consumer Electronics
avg 4.0 exclusions
535 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
aerospace
avg 4.0 exclusions
65 patents
e.g. “Communication systems where satellites use traditional RF communication for all links, as the claims emphasize laser com…”
E-Commerce
avg 3.9 exclusions
88 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
chemical
avg 3.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Batteries using anodes made of metals not listed in Group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, or IVa.”
Mechanical Engineering
avg 3.6 exclusions
311 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”