Average number of explicit scope exclusions per patent, by technology domain.
life_sciences
avg 5.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover detection methods that do not use a labeled oligonucleotide.”
cybersecurity
avg 5.3 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover anomaly detection systems that do not create a unique 'entity profile' for each network participant.”
automation
avg 5.3 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover actuators that lack a mechanical differential with three distinct interaction ports.”
oncology
avg 5.1 exclusions
10 patents
e.g. “CAR T-cell therapies that target cancer cells expressing antigens other than CD19.”
chemistry
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover non-targeted platinum drugs that distribute throughout the body without a specific cancer cell homing mec…”
logistics
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover estimating an object's mass characteristics *before* the object is in motion, such as by placing it on a …”
healthcare
avg 5.0 exclusions
9 patents
e.g. “Diagnostic methods that do not rely on measuring the specific calpain-cleaved αII-spectrin N-terminal fragment (SNTF) in…”
agriculture
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover fields that are not described as having at least four boundaries, including two "divergently" extending s…”
retail
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover electronic cash registers with digital displays.”
research_tools
avg 5.0 exclusions
6 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
industrial_automation
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover systems that collect data without contextualizing it using specific rules and configuration data.”
drug_delivery
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
immunology
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover antibodies that are entirely mouse-derived or entirely human-derived, as it specifically claims a 'humani…”
Gene Editing
avg 4.9 exclusions
21 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
robotics
avg 4.9 exclusions
22 patents
e.g. “Does not cover actuators that lack a mechanical differential with three distinct interaction ports.”
diagnostics
avg 4.9 exclusions
7 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
manufacturing
avg 4.7 exclusions
17 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
medical_devices
avg 4.7 exclusions
31 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
immunotherapy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover cancer immunotherapies that use different peptide sequences than KESDGFHRF.”
renewable_energy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover wind turbine blades where the front surface facing the wind is not substantially concave.”
nuclear_energy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover control methods that use only neutron absorbing materials without also including neutron scattering mater…”
clean_energy
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover systems that generate electricity by burning fossil fuels or other hydrocarbons, as it explicitly states …”
medical
avg 4.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover making porous PTFE by methods other than rapid stretching of a paste-extruded, highly crystalline PTFE ar…”
chemical_manufacturing
avg 4.3 exclusions
6 patents
e.g. “Does not cover catalyst electrodes made without using all three specified metals: iron, cobalt, and nickel compounds.”
cloud_computing
avg 4.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Content distribution that does not break content into segments.”
Telecommunications
avg 4.3 exclusions
353 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
Pharmaceuticals
avg 4.3 exclusions
124 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
Software
avg 4.3 exclusions
411 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
finance
avg 4.3 exclusions
36 patents
e.g. “Digital currency systems not controlled by a central issuer (e.g., decentralized cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin).”
AI & Machine Learning
avg 4.2 exclusions
207 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
Automotive
avg 4.2 exclusions
97 patents
e.g. “Additive manufacturing processes that involve melting the filler material (e.g., traditional FDM, laser powder bed fusio…”
Biotechnology
avg 4.2 exclusions
171 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
Clean Energy
avg 4.2 exclusions
83 patents
e.g. “Additive manufacturing processes that involve melting the filler material (e.g., traditional FDM, laser powder bed fusio…”
materials
avg 4.2 exclusions
99 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
gaming
avg 4.2 exclusions
20 patents
e.g. “Detecting inactivity using only one type of sensor data (e.g., only motion or only camera).”
Semiconductors
avg 4.2 exclusions
155 patents
e.g. “Amplifiers that do not use an out-phasing configuration.”
Consumer Electronics
avg 4.0 exclusions
559 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
aerospace
avg 4.0 exclusions
68 patents
e.g. “Additive manufacturing processes that involve melting the filler material (e.g., traditional FDM, laser powder bed fusio…”
E-Commerce
avg 4.0 exclusions
95 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
Mechanical Engineering
avg 3.7 exclusions
317 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
chemical
avg 3.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Batteries using anodes made of metals not listed in Group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, or IVa.”