Average number of explicit scope exclusions per patent, by technology domain.
environmental
avg 5.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover carbon capture methods that do not involve heating a carbonate-containing raw material (calcination).”
augmented_reality
avg 5.2 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Augmented reality displays not specifically configured to facilitate a medical procedure.”
automation
avg 5.1 exclusions
7 patents
e.g. “Does not cover actuators that lack a mechanical differential with three distinct interaction ports.”
drug_delivery
avg 5.1 exclusions
8 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
chemistry
avg 5.0 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Does not cover methods for synthesizing phentolamine mesylate using different solvents, such as ethanol or methanol, ins…”
carbon_capture
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover blast furnace operations using standard air or oxygen enrichment levels below 32 molar percent oxygen.”
chemical_processing
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover material conveyance systems that do not use a vacuum to move the material.”
consumer_goods
avg 5.0 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Does not cover garments that manage moisture solely through absorbency without actively transporting liquid away from th…”
electrical_engineering
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover fracturing systems powered solely by traditional internal combustion engines without electrical drive.”
healthcare
avg 5.0 exclusions
27 patents
e.g. “Diagnostic methods that do not rely on measuring the specific calpain-cleaved αII-spectrin N-terminal fragment (SNTF) in…”
immunology
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover antibodies that are entirely mouse-derived or entirely human-derived, as it specifically claims a 'humani…”
industrial_automation
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover material conveyance systems that do not use a vacuum to move the material.”
iot
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover access control systems that determine a mobile device's location without using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) data.”
life_sciences
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover detection methods that do not use a labeled oligonucleotide.”
logistics
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover estimating an object's mass characteristics *before* the object is in motion, such as by placing it on a …”
nanotechnology
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover chemical compounds that do not contain iodine as part of their structure.”
nuclear_energy
avg 5.0 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Does not cover control methods that use only neutron absorbing materials without also including neutron scattering mater…”
power_generation
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover blast furnace operations using standard air or oxygen enrichment levels below 32 molar percent oxygen.”
quality_control
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover inspection systems where the object or the optical inspection device must stop for images to be taken.”
quantum_computing
avg 5.0 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover quantum operations that do not use a "partial interferometric device" as described.”
research_tools
avg 5.0 exclusions
9 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
retail
avg 5.0 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Does not cover anti-theft systems that rely on RFID tags or security gates at store exits.”
security
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover anti-theft systems that rely on RFID tags or security gates at store exits.”
oncology
avg 5.0 exclusions
27 patents
e.g. “CAR T cell therapies that target natural antigens on cancer cells without the use of an externally administered small mo…”
cybersecurity
avg 4.9 exclusions
11 patents
e.g. “Does not cover anomaly detection systems that do not create a unique 'entity profile' for each network participant.”
diagnostics
avg 4.9 exclusions
20 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
robotics
avg 4.9 exclusions
45 patents
e.g. “Does not cover actuators that lack a mechanical differential with three distinct interaction ports.”
renewable_energy
avg 4.9 exclusions
7 patents
e.g. “Does not cover flaps that are not "substantially flat" (Claim 1), such as curved or complex shapes.”
agriculture
avg 4.8 exclusions
6 patents
e.g. “Does not cover CRISPR systems that remain active indefinitely after making their intended genetic changes.”
Gene Editing
avg 4.8 exclusions
41 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
medical_devices
avg 4.8 exclusions
80 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
clean_energy
avg 4.8 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Does not cover systems that generate electricity by burning fossil fuels or other hydrocarbons, as it explicitly states …”
defense
avg 4.8 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Does not cover aircraft primarily designed for high-speed straight-line flight without an emphasis on sustained high-G t…”
manufacturing
avg 4.8 exclusions
29 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
cloud_computing
avg 4.8 exclusions
9 patents
e.g. “Content distribution that does not break content into segments.”
immunotherapy
avg 4.8 exclusions
9 patents
e.g. “Does not cover antigen-presenting cells that require specific HLA matching for each patient, as the patent focuses on 'u…”
food_and_beverage
avg 4.8 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Beverage cartridges that are not internally divided by a filter element.”
medical
avg 4.7 exclusions
7 patents
e.g. “Augmented reality displays not specifically configured to facilitate a medical procedure.”
optics
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover colors created by chemical dyes, pigments, or inks.”
wearables
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover monitoring blood flow in other parts of the body, such as the heart or limbs.”
environmental_technology
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover electrolysis processes that do not use a proton-conducting membrane to separate the anode and cathode com…”
cardiovascular
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover atherectomy systems that require two separate tools for anterograde and retrograde plaque removal.”
neuroscience
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover beta-cyclodextrin mixtures that are not modified with hydroxypropyl groups, unless they are included as a…”
chemicals
avg 4.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover methods for adding deuterium that do not use transition metal catalysts.”
chemical_manufacturing
avg 4.6 exclusions
9 patents
e.g. “Does not cover catalyst electrodes made without using all three specified metals: iron, cobalt, and nickel compounds.”
Telecommunications
avg 4.5 exclusions
525 patents
e.g. “A pointing device that only has a single scroll wheel for all movements.”
Automotive
avg 4.5 exclusions
140 patents
e.g. “Additive manufacturing processes that involve melting the filler material (e.g., traditional FDM, laser powder bed fusio…”
gaming
avg 4.5 exclusions
34 patents
e.g. “A pointing device that only has a single scroll wheel for all movements.”
Pharmaceuticals
avg 4.5 exclusions
190 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
Biotechnology
avg 4.5 exclusions
277 patents
e.g. “ADCs where the drug is attached to parts of the antibody other than the light chain constant region C-terminus (Claim 1)…”
Software
avg 4.4 exclusions
564 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
finance
avg 4.4 exclusions
47 patents
e.g. “Digital currency systems not controlled by a central issuer (e.g., decentralized cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin).”
Clean Energy
avg 4.4 exclusions
123 patents
e.g. “Additive manufacturing processes that involve melting the filler material (e.g., traditional FDM, laser powder bed fusio…”
materials
avg 4.4 exclusions
145 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
Semiconductors
avg 4.4 exclusions
221 patents
e.g. “Amplifiers that do not use an out-phasing configuration.”
AI & Machine Learning
avg 4.4 exclusions
269 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
industrial_manufacturing
avg 4.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover carbon capture methods that do not involve heating a carbonate-containing raw material (calcination).”
chemical_engineering
avg 4.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover membranes where the polymeric support layer has randomly sized or arranged pores, as it specifies "spatia…”
Consumer Electronics
avg 4.2 exclusions
726 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
aerospace
avg 4.2 exclusions
89 patents
e.g. “Additive manufacturing processes that involve melting the filler material (e.g., traditional FDM, laser powder bed fusio…”
chemical
avg 4.2 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Batteries using anodes made of metals not listed in Group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, or IVa.”
E-Commerce
avg 4.1 exclusions
105 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
Mechanical Engineering
avg 3.8 exclusions
365 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”