Average number of explicit scope exclusions per patent, by technology domain.
life_sciences
avg 5.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover detection methods that do not use a labeled oligonucleotide.”
cybersecurity
avg 5.3 exclusions
4 patents
e.g. “Does not cover anomaly detection systems that do not create a unique 'entity profile' for each network participant.”
oncology
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover an mRNA vaccine for prostate cancer that only includes some of the six specific antigens (STEAP, PSA, PSM…”
retail
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover electronic cash registers with digital displays.”
research_tools
avg 5.0 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
healthcare
avg 5.0 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover antibodies made entirely from a single mammalian species.”
Gene Editing
avg 4.8 exclusions
11 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
diagnostics
avg 4.8 exclusions
5 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
medical_devices
avg 4.5 exclusions
17 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
manufacturing
avg 4.4 exclusions
8 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
robotics
avg 4.3 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Does not cover general machine learning algorithms that do not specifically use reward estimation based on action histor…”
finance
avg 4.2 exclusions
32 patents
e.g. “Digital currency systems not controlled by a central issuer (e.g., decentralized cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin).”
Pharmaceuticals
avg 4.1 exclusions
102 patents
e.g. “Antibodies that do not bind human TNFα.”
Biotechnology
avg 4.1 exclusions
139 patents
e.g. “Amplification methods that do not use a thermostable enzyme, as claim 1(b) specifically requires a "thermostable enzyme.…”
Software
avg 4.1 exclusions
317 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
AI & Machine Learning
avg 4.1 exclusions
163 patents
e.g. “Analyzing images that are not pathological or medical in nature.”
Telecommunications
avg 4.0 exclusions
253 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
E-Commerce
avg 3.9 exclusions
88 patents
e.g. “A system that only displays a WHOIS record without calculating or providing a time difference value (Claim 1).”
gaming
avg 3.9 exclusions
14 patents
e.g. “Detecting inactivity using only one type of sensor data (e.g., only motion or only camera).”
Semiconductors
avg 3.9 exclusions
112 patents
e.g. “Batteries using anodes made of metals not listed in Group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, or IVa.”
Consumer Electronics
avg 3.8 exclusions
468 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
materials
avg 3.8 exclusions
67 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
aerospace
avg 3.7 exclusions
52 patents
e.g. “Does not cover active control systems that use electronic sensors or actuators to adjust airflow.”
Automotive
avg 3.7 exclusions
61 patents
e.g. “Does not cover air-cushion vehicles that lack the specific 'wall means' creating an upward-flowing chamber for foreign m…”
chemical
avg 3.7 exclusions
3 patents
e.g. “Batteries using anodes made of metals not listed in Group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, or IVa.”
Mechanical Engineering
avg 3.5 exclusions
287 patents
e.g. “3D printing methods that use powdered materials, like selective laser sintering (SLS), instead of a fluid medium.”
Clean Energy
avg 3.4 exclusions
45 patents
e.g. “Batteries using anodes made of metals not listed in Group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, or IVa.”