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Patent Intelligence · FTO Risk Index

Freedom-to-operate risk index

Which technology domains are hardest to build in without patent risk? A synthesized FTO score across 12 domains — combining concentration, filing velocity, claim breadth, and active competition.

Highest FTO risk

E-Commerce

Lowest FTO risk

Clean Energy

Concentration (HHI)

30%

How much of the domain is controlled by a few players. High concentration = few avoidance options.

Filing velocity (CAGR)

25%

3-year compound annual growth of filings. Fast growth = more blocking patents incoming.

Claim breadth

20%

Average claims per patent. More claims = broader coverage = harder to design around.

Active filers

15%

Distinct entities filing in the last 5 years. More players = more litigation vectors.

Expiry relief

−10%

Fraction expiring 2025–2029. Higher expiry = more public-domain breathing room.

FTO Risk by Domain (highest to lowest)

E-Commerce

Medium

33

/ 100

HHI

434

Avg claims

27.7

CAGR

41.4%

Active filers

8

Expiry rate

3.4%

Total patents

88

  • Rapid filing growth (41.4% CAGR): active portfolio expansion
  • Broad claim scope (avg 27.7 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

Biotechnology

Medium

32

/ 100

HHI

233

Avg claims

23.9

CAGR

41.4%

Active filers

9

Expiry rate

0.7%

Total patents

139

  • Rapid filing growth (41.4% CAGR): active portfolio expansion

Gene Editing

Low

13

/ 100

HHI

1074

Avg claims

33.7

CAGR

0.0%

Active filers

2

Expiry rate

0.0%

Total patents

11

  • Broad claim scope (avg 33.7 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

Consumer Electronics

Low

9

/ 100

HHI

333

Avg claims

26.5

CAGR

-22.5%

Active filers

57

Expiry rate

3.4%

Total patents

468

  • Declining filings (-22.5% CAGR): portfolio contraction
  • Broad claim scope (avg 26.5 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

Software

Low

9

/ 100

HHI

278

Avg claims

29.7

CAGR

-16.3%

Active filers

48

Expiry rate

4.7%

Total patents

317

  • Declining filings (-16.3% CAGR): portfolio contraction
  • Broad claim scope (avg 29.7 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

Automotive

Low

9

/ 100

HHI

524

Avg claims

25.7

CAGR

-100.0%

Active filers

12

Expiry rate

0.0%

Total patents

61

  • Declining filings (-100.0% CAGR): portfolio contraction
  • Broad claim scope (avg 25.7 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

Telecommunications

Low

8

/ 100

HHI

151

Avg claims

29.1

CAGR

-6.5%

Active filers

46

Expiry rate

5.1%

Total patents

253

  • Declining filings (-6.5% CAGR): portfolio contraction
  • Broad claim scope (avg 29.1 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

AI & Machine Learning

Low

7

/ 100

HHI

193

Avg claims

24.5

CAGR

-13.4%

Active filers

50

Expiry rate

3.7%

Total patents

163

  • Declining filings (-13.4% CAGR): portfolio contraction

Semiconductors

Low

7

/ 100

HHI

207

Avg claims

26.8

CAGR

-62.2%

Active filers

18

Expiry rate

5.4%

Total patents

112

  • Declining filings (-62.2% CAGR): portfolio contraction
  • Broad claim scope (avg 26.8 claims/patent): high design-around difficulty

Pharmaceuticals

Low

7

/ 100

HHI

286

Avg claims

24.0

CAGR

0.0%

Active filers

4

Expiry rate

1.0%

Total patents

102

  • Moderate portfolio density and fragmented ownership

Mechanical Engineering

Low

7

/ 100

HHI

662

Avg claims

18.7

CAGR

-20.9%

Active filers

38

Expiry rate

0.7%

Total patents

287

  • Declining filings (-20.9% CAGR): portfolio contraction

Clean Energy

Low

7

/ 100

HHI

775

Avg claims

21.1

CAGR

-29.3%

Active filers

9

Expiry rate

2.2%

Total patents

45

  • Declining filings (-29.3% CAGR): portfolio contraction

Limitations & Legal Disclaimer

This FTO Risk Index is derived from public patent data and statistical metrics only. It is NOT a legal opinion and does NOT constitute Freedom-to-Operate clearance. A proper FTO analysis requires a licensed patent attorney reviewing specific claims against your specific product. The score is a comparative landscape signal — useful for domain-level strategic prioritization, not product-level clearance. Scores change as the patent landscape evolves; cached daily.

Concentration Index →Claims Analysis →Filing Trends →Expiry Calendar →FTO Claim Chart →