International Business Machines Corp

Google AdWords — The Auction System That Made Search Profitable

Google's 2006 patent describes the pay-per-click auction mechanism behind AdWords — where advertisers bid for keywords, ads are ranked by bid multiplied by quality, and Google only charges when someone clicks, creating the business model that funds the modern internet.

DRAM — The Memory in Every Computer, Phone, and Server

Robert Dennard's 1968 IBM patent describes dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) — the one-transistor-one-capacitor memory cell that became the dominant form of computer RAM, scaling from kilobytes to terabytes over 50 years.

Arrangement and method for impermanent connectivity

Cache queue entry linking for DASD record updates

Large scale probabilistic ontology reasoning

Updating an application on a smart card and displaying an advertisement