You can freely build on How George Devol Invented the First Industrial Robot Arm
This patent expired in 1978. Every claim — 0 independent, 0 dependent — is now unenforceable. Anyone can use, reproduce, manufacture, sell, or offer for sale this technology without a license.
Original assignee
Individual
Patent granted
1961
Expired
1978
Forward citations
93
What this patent covers
This patent describes a machine capable of moving objects between specific locations using a memory-based control system. It uses a series of commands stored on a magnetic drum to guide a mechanical arm through a sequence of positions. By recording the path once, the machine can repeat the movement indefinitely, replacing the need for manual labor in repetitive tasks like die-casting or welding.
What is now free to use
All 0 claims of US 2988237 are in the public domain. Specifically:
The 0 dependent claims add narrowing limitations and are also free.
What is NOT covered
Patent expiry frees this specific invention. Separately-patented improvements made after expiry may still be protected.
Does not cover autonomous robots that use cameras or sensors to navigate changing environments.
Does not cover software-based AI or machine learning algorithms for path planning.
Does not cover non-programmable mechanical automation or fixed-track conveyor systems.
Who is building on this today
Companies like FANUC, ABB, and KUKA have evolved this original concept into highly sophisticated, multi-axis robotic systems. These firms dominate the global industrial automation market by refining the precision and speed of Devol's original programmable arm.
Products built on expired version of this technology
Unimate industrial robot
Automotive assembly line spot-welding arms
Modern pick-and-place manufacturing machines
How to cite this patent in your documentation
Individual. US Patent 2988237. Programmed article transfer. Granted 1961, expired 1978. Now in the public domain.
Note: This is a convenience citation. Consult a patent attorney for formal freedom-to-operate analysis.
PatentBrief is an educational resource and does not provide legal advice. Patent expiration information is derived from USPTO records and may not reflect continuation patents, divisional filings, or separately-patented improvements. For commercial use or production decisions, obtain a formal freedom-to-operate (FTO) opinion from a registered patent attorney.