John Holland's Design for an Early Submarine Boat

This 1906 patent by John P. Holland describes an early design for a submarine, a vessel capable of traveling underwater, laying the groundwork for modern naval technology.

What it covers

While specific claim details are unavailable for this patent, titled 'Submarine boat,' it describes the fundamental components and operation of an early submersible vessel. John P. Holland's designs typically included a hull capable of withstanding water pressure, ballast tanks for diving and surfacing, and a propulsion system for underwater travel. Such a submarine would submerge by filling its ballast tanks with water, then surface by expelling the water using compressed air. It would also feature control surfaces, like hydroplanes, to manage depth and direction while submerged.

What it doesn't cover

• —Does not cover submarines propelled by nuclear reactors or advanced air-independent propulsion systems.
• —Does not cover surface-only naval vessels like battleships or destroyers.
• —Does not cover remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) without human crews.
• —Does not cover diving bells or other stationary underwater habitats.
• —Does not cover submersibles designed exclusively for deep-sea exploration without military capabilities.

The clever bit

The novelty likely resided in combining various essential systems—such as internal combustion engines for surface propulsion, electric motors for submerged travel, and a reliable ballast system for controlled diving and surfacing—into a cohesive and functional submarine design.

Why it matters

John P. Holland is widely recognized as the father of the modern submarine. His designs were among the first practical and militarily viable submersibles, leading to the adoption of submarines by the United States Navy and other navies worldwide. This patent represents a foundational step in the development of a completely new class of naval vessel.

Real-world examples

• 1.Holland VI submarine
• 2.USS Holland (SS-1)
• 3.Early Royal Navy Holland-class submarines
• 4.Early Imperial Japanese Navy Holland-type submarines