How Georges Claude Invented the Neon Light

A 1915 patent describing the use of neon gas in sealed glass tubes to create bright, colorful light for signs and illumination.

What it covers

The patent details a method for creating electric light by sealing neon gas inside a glass tube with electrodes at each end. When high-voltage electricity flows through the gas, it ionizes the neon, causing it to glow with a characteristic bright red-orange light. The invention specifically addresses the purification of the gas and the design of the electrodes to prevent the gas from being absorbed into the glass walls during operation, which was a major hurdle for early gas-discharge lamps.

What it doesn't cover

• —Does not cover the use of gases other than neon for illumination
• —Does not cover modern LED-based signage that mimics the look of neon
• —Does not cover low-voltage lighting systems

The clever bit

Claude solved the 'cleanliness' problem by using liquid air to purify the neon and designing electrodes with a large surface area to prevent the gas from being 'sputtered' or absorbed into the tube walls.

Why it matters

This invention birthed the neon sign industry, which became a cultural icon of the 20th century. It enabled the creation of vibrant, durable outdoor advertising that transformed city landscapes globally, particularly in places like Times Square and Las Vegas.

Real-world examples

• 1.Classic neon storefront signs
• 2.Artistic neon light sculptures
• 3.Historic theater marquees