{
  "patent_number": "US 5585089",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How Scientists Create Human-Friendly Antibodies for Medicine",
  "original_title": "Humanized immunoglobulins",
  "summary": "This patent describes a method for modifying mouse antibodies so human immune systems accept them as their own, allowing them to be used as powerful, long-lasting medical treatments.",
  "what_it_does": "The patent details a technique to 'humanize' antibodies originally derived from non-human sources, like mice. Because human bodies often reject mouse antibodies as foreign invaders, the inventors created a way to swap the mouse framework with human-like structures while keeping the specific mouse parts—the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs)—that actually grab onto disease targets. The key mechanism involves identifying specific amino acids in the mouse framework that support the shape of the CDRs and keeping those specific 'donor' amino acids in the final humanized version. This ensures the antibody remains effective at binding its target while appearing 'human' enough to avoid triggering an immune attack.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover antibodies that are entirely human in origin (fully human antibodies).",
    "Does not cover antibodies that use only the donor CDRs without specific framework amino acids that support binding.",
    "Does not cover non-immunoglobulin proteins or other therapeutic molecules that are not antibodies.",
    "Does not cover the use of humanized antibodies for non-medical applications."
  ],
  "filed": "1995-06-07",
  "granted": "1996-12-17",
  "expires": null,
  "status": "active",
  "holder": "Protein Design Labs Inc",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/protein-design-labs-inc",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Cary L. Queen",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/cary-l-queen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Harold E. Selick",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/harold-e-selick"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 4274,
  "tags": [
    "biotech",
    "pharmaceutical"
  ],
  "abstract": "Novel methods for producing, and compositions of humanized immunoglobulins having one or more complementarity determining regions (CDR's) and possible additional amino acids from a donor immunoglobulin and a framework region from an accepting human immunoglobulin are provided. Each humanized immunoglobulin chain will usually comprise, in addition to the CDR's, amino acids from the donor immunoglobulin framework that are, e.g., capable of interacting with the CDR's to effect binding affinity, such as one or more amino acids which are immediately adjacent to a CDR in the donor immunoglobulin or those within about 3 Å as predicted by molecular modeling. The heavy and light chains may each be designed by using any one or all of various position criteria. When combined into an intact antibody, the humanized immunoglobulins of the present invention will be substantially non-immunogenic in humans and retain substantially the same affinity as the donor immunoglobulin to the antigen, such as a protein or other compound containing an epitope.",
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/5585089/remicade-infliximab",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/5585089/remicade-infliximab/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US5585089",
  "relatedPatents": []
}