{
  "patent_number": "US 4736866",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "Mice Engineered to Develop Cancer for Research",
  "original_title": "Transgenic non-human mammals",
  "summary": "Harvard's 1988 patent on genetically engineered mice that carry cancer-causing genes, designed to help scientists study how cancer develops and test treatments.",
  "what_it_does": "This patent describes how to create a special kind of mouse, called a transgenic mouse. Scientists can insert a specific gene, known as an oncogene (which can cause cancer), into the mouse's DNA when it's still an embryo. This oncogene becomes part of every cell in the mouse, including the cells that will create future generations (germ cells). The goal is to create mammals that are predisposed to developing cancer, allowing researchers to study the disease's progression and test potential therapies in a living model. For example, claim 12 specifies that the mammal can be a mouse, and claim 6 mentions using a c-myc oncogene.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Mice that develop cancer naturally without genetic engineering.",
    "Transgenic animals that are not mammals (e.g., birds, fish).",
    "Genetically modified animals where the inserted gene is not an oncogene.",
    "The use of the engineered animals for purposes other than cancer research.",
    "Methods of treating cancer in humans or animals, only the creation of the model."
  ],
  "filed": "1984-06-22",
  "granted": "1988-04-12",
  "expires": "2005-04-12",
  "status": "expired",
  "holder": "Harvard University",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/harvard-university",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Philip Leder",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/philip-leder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Timothy A. Stewart",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/timothy-a-stewart"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 644,
  "tags": [
    "biotech",
    "pharmaceutical",
    "research_tools"
  ],
  "abstract": "A transgenic non-human eukaryotic animal whose germ cells and somatic cells contain an activated oncogene sequence introduced into the animal, or an ancestor of the animal, at an embryonic stage.",
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/4736866/harvard-oncomouse",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/4736866/harvard-oncomouse/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4736866",
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}