{
  "patent_number": "US 4703008",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How to Make Human Erythropoietin (EPO) Using Engineered DNA",
  "original_title": "DNA sequences encoding erythropoietin",
  "summary": "This patent describes the specific DNA sequences and methods to engineer cells to produce erythropoietin (EPO), a protein vital for red blood cell production, outside the human body.",
  "what_it_does": "This patent covers the purified and isolated DNA sequences that carry the instructions for making erythropoietin (EPO), specifically human and monkey EPO (Claims 1, 2, 3). It also claims DNA sequences that code for polypeptides with EPO's biological activity, meaning they can cause bone marrow cells to increase red blood cell production (Claim 7). The patent further covers the use of these DNA sequences within circular plasmid or viral DNA vectors (Claim 5) and the host cells (like bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells) that have been transformed or transfected with this DNA to actually produce EPO (Claims 4, 6, 23). For example, a scientist could insert the human EPO DNA sequence into a CHO cell, which would then act like a tiny factory, expressing and producing human EPO.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover the naturally occurring erythropoietin protein found in the human body, only purified and isolated DNA sequences and their products.",
    "Does not cover methods of treating patients with EPO, only the genetic material and engineered cells for its production.",
    "Does not cover DNA sequences that produce proteins without the specific biological activity of increasing red blood cell production, hemoglobin synthesis, or iron uptake (Claim 7).",
    "Does not cover host cells that are not transformed or transfected with the specific EPO-encoding DNA sequences described.",
    "Does not cover the discovery of erythropoietin itself, but rather the genetic engineering required to produce it.",
    "Does not cover DNA sequences that do not hybridize under stringent conditions to the specific sequences disclosed in FIGS. 5 and 6 (Claim 1)."
  ],
  "filed": "1984-11-30",
  "granted": "1987-10-27",
  "expires": null,
  "status": "active",
  "holder": "Kirin Amgen Inc",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/kirin-amgen-inc",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Fu-Kuen Lin",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/fu-kuen-lin"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 346,
  "tags": [
    "biotech",
    "pharmaceutical",
    "gene_editing",
    "biotechnology"
  ],
  "abstract": "Disclosed are novel polypeptides possessing part or all of the primary structural conformation and one or more of the biological properties of mammalian erythropoietin (\"EPO\") which are characterized in preferred forms by being the product of procaryotic or eucaryotic host expression of an exogenous DNA sequence. Illustratively, genomic DNA, cDNA and manufactured DNA sequences coding for part or all of the sequence of amino acid residues of EPO or for analogs thereof are incorporated into autonomously replicating plasmid or viral vectors employed to transform or transfect suitable procaryotic or eucaryotic host cells such as bacteria, yeast or vertebrate cells in culture. Upon isolation from culture media or cellular lysates or fragments, products of expression of the DNA sequences display, e.g., the immunological properties and in vitro and in vivo biological activities of EPO of human or monkey species origins. Disclosed also are chemically synthesized polypeptides sharing the biochemical and immunological properties of EPO. Also disclosed are improved methods for the detection of specific single stranded polynucleotides in a heterologus cellular or viral sample prepared from, e.g., DNA present in a plasmid or viral-borne cDNA or genomic DNA \"library\".",
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/4703008/neupogen-g-csf-filgrastim",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/4703008/neupogen-g-csf-filgrastim/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4703008",
  "relatedPatents": []
}