{
  "patent_number": "US 2702035",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How the First Heart-Lung Machine Oxygenated Blood",
  "original_title": "Oxygenating unit for extracorporeal circulation devices",
  "summary": "A 1955 invention that allowed surgeons to oxygenate a patient's blood outside the body, enabling the first successful open-heart surgeries.",
  "what_it_does": "This device creates a thin, continuous film of blood inside a rotating cylinder to expose it to oxygen. By spinning the outer shell, centrifugal force spreads the blood into a wide, thin layer, which maximizes the surface area for gas exchange. A stationary inner cylinder helps direct a counter-current flow of oxygen upward while the blood flows downward, mimicking the natural gas exchange process in human lungs. A vertical jet assembly allows doctors to precisely control where the blood is introduced into this rotating system.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover membrane-based oxygenators that use synthetic materials instead of direct gas-to-blood contact.",
    "Does not cover systems that oxygenate blood through bubbling or foam-based methods.",
    "Does not cover the pump mechanisms or the surgical procedures themselves, only the specific oxygenating chamber assembly."
  ],
  "filed": "1953-02-27",
  "granted": "1955-02-15",
  "expires": "1973-02-27",
  "status": "expired",
  "holder": "JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/jefferson-medical-college",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Jr John H Gibbon",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/jr-john-h-gibbon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gustav V A Malmros",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/gustav-v-a-malmros"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jr Edmund A Barber",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/jr-edmund-a-barber"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 4,
  "tags": [
    "biotech",
    "mechanical"
  ],
  "abstract": null,
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/2702035/heart-lung-machine-gibbon",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/2702035/heart-lung-machine-gibbon/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2702035",
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}