{
  "patent_number": "US 223898",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How Thomas Edison Invented the Practical Incandescent Light Bulb",
  "original_title": "Electric lamp",
  "summary": "Thomas Edison's 1880 patent for a carbon-filament electric lamp that made indoor lighting reliable and commercially viable for the first time.",
  "what_it_does": "The patent describes an electric lamp using a high-resistance carbon filament enclosed in a vacuum-sealed glass bulb. By using a carbonized thread or strip of paper as the filament, Edison achieved a stable light source that could burn for hundreds of hours. The vacuum prevents the filament from burning up instantly upon contact with oxygen, allowing it to glow brightly when electricity passes through it.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover the invention of the electric arc lamp, which relies on a different physical principle.",
    "Does not cover modern LED or fluorescent lighting technologies.",
    "Does not cover the electrical grid or power distribution systems required to power the lamp."
  ],
  "filed": "1879-11-04",
  "granted": "1880-01-27",
  "expires": "1899-11-03",
  "status": "expired",
  "holder": "Individual",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/individual",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Thomas Alva Edison",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/thomas-alva-edison"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 28,
  "tags": [
    "energy",
    "mechanical"
  ],
  "abstract": null,
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/223898/edison-incandescent-lamp",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/223898/edison-incandescent-lamp/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US223898",
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}