{
  "patent_number": "US 20180305704",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How to Use Many CRISPR Guides to Study Many Genes at Once",
  "original_title": "Crispr-cas component systems, methods and compositions for sequence manipulation",
  "summary": "This patent describes a method to use a large collection of CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs to target and modify many different genes or DNA regions across a population of eukaryotic cells, enabling high-throughput genetic screening.",
  "what_it_does": "This patent describes a system for simultaneously studying many genes in living cells using CRISPR-Cas9. It involves a \"composition\" (Claim 1) of eukaryotic cells, like embryonic stem cells (Claim 2), that contain a \"library\" of 100 or more \"guide RNAs.\" Each guide RNA is designed to target a \"unique genomic locus\" (Claim 1), meaning a specific spot in the cell's DNA. When these guide RNAs are introduced into the cell population, along with the Cas9 protein (Claim 11), they can direct the Cas9 to cut or modify many different genes. For example, this system can be used to create \"knockout mutations\" (Claim 5) in thousands of unique genes (Claim 17) to see how each gene affects a specific \"pathway\" like the immune system (Claim 7) or cell division (Claim 10).",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover using CRISPR-Cas9 to target only a single specific gene in a cell, as the claims require a 'library' targeting a 'plurality of target sequences' (Claim 1).",
    "Does not cover methods using fewer than 100 guide RNAs in the library (Claim 1 specifies '100 or more').",
    "Does not cover gene editing in prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) or other non-eukaryotic organisms (Claim 1 specifies 'eukaryotic cells').",
    "Does not cover CRISPR systems that do not use Cas9 protein, as the claims specifically mention 'CRISPR-Cas9 system guide RNAs' and 'Cas9 protein' (Claim 1, Claim 11).",
    "Does not cover gene editing methods where the Cas9 protein is not directed by a guide RNA for sequence-specific binding (Claim 11)."
  ],
  "filed": "2017-12-11",
  "granted": null,
  "expires": "2037-12-11",
  "status": "active",
  "holder": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/massachusetts-institute-of-technology",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Feng Zhang",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/feng-zhang"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 44,
  "tags": [
    "biotech",
    "gene_editing",
    "pharmaceutical",
    "research_tools"
  ],
  "abstract": "The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells and methods for selecting specific cells by introducing precise mutations utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system.",
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/20180305704/crispr-cas-component-systems-methods-and-compositions-for-sequence-manipulation",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/20180305704/crispr-cas-component-systems-methods-and-compositions-for-sequence-manipulation/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180305704",
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}