{
  "patent_number": "US 1948384",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How Ernest Lawrence Invented the Cyclotron Particle Accelerator",
  "original_title": "Method and apparatus for the acceleration of ions",
  "summary": "This 1934 patent describes the cyclotron, a machine that uses magnetic and electric fields to whip particles into high speeds for scientific research.",
  "what_it_does": "The invention, known as a cyclotron, uses a vacuum chamber placed between the poles of a large electromagnet. Inside the chamber are two hollow, D-shaped electrodes. As ions are injected into the center, an alternating electric field switches the charge of these electrodes, pulling the ions across the gap and causing them to spiral outward in a circular path. By repeating this process, the ions gain massive amounts of kinetic energy before being directed at a target.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover linear particle accelerators which move particles in a straight line rather than a circle.",
    "Does not cover the specific chemical or radioactive properties of the particles being accelerated.",
    "Does not cover non-magnetic methods of particle acceleration like electrostatic Van de Graaff generators."
  ],
  "filed": "1932-01-26",
  "granted": "1934-02-20",
  "expires": "1952-01-26",
  "status": "expired",
  "holder": "Research Corp",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/research-corp",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Ernest O Lawrence",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/ernest-o-lawrence"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 114,
  "tags": [
    "semiconductors",
    "energy",
    "mechanical"
  ],
  "abstract": null,
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/1948384/cyclotron-lawrence",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/1948384/cyclotron-lawrence/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1948384",
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}