# How Novartis Engineered Antibodies to Block the TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint

> A patent describing specific genetic blueprints for antibodies designed to bind to and inhibit the TIM-3 protein, a key target in cancer and immune system research.

- **Patent:** US 10472419
- **Original title:** Antibody molecules to TIM-3 and uses thereof
- **Owner:** Novartis AG
- **Granted:** 2019
- **Status:** Active
- **Times cited:** 10
- **Field:** biotech, pharmaceutical

## What it does

This patent defines the specific genetic sequences (nucleic acid molecules) required to produce antibodies that target TIM-3, a protein found on the surface of immune cells. By binding to TIM-3, these antibodies act as a molecular key that can potentially unlock the immune system's ability to fight tumors. The patent lists precise amino acid sequences for the 'variable regions' of the antibodies—the parts that actually grab onto the target. These sequences are organized into specific combinations (CDR sets) that ensure the antibody binds to TIM-3 with high specificity.

## What it does NOT cover

- Does not cover any antibody that binds to TIM-3 using different amino acid sequences than those explicitly listed in the claims.
- Does not cover the general concept of targeting TIM-3, only the specific antibody structures defined by the provided SEQ ID sequences.
- Does not cover therapeutic methods or clinical protocols for treating patients, only the genetic material for creating the antibodies themselves.

## The clever bit

The innovation lies in the specific arrangement of the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs). These are the hyper-variable loops on an antibody that dictate what it binds to; by identifying these exact sequences, the inventors created a high-affinity 'lock and key' fit for the TIM-3 protein that avoids off-target effects.

## Real-world examples

1. Experimental cancer immunotherapies
2. Immuno-oncology research pipelines
3. Checkpoint inhibitor drug development

## Why it matters

TIM-3 is a major 'checkpoint' protein. When cancer cells exploit these checkpoints, they effectively put the immune system to sleep. By developing antibodies that block this interaction, researchers aim to wake up the immune system to attack cancer. This patent represents a foundational piece of intellectual property for Novartis in the competitive field of immuno-oncology.

## Frequently asked questions

### What does How Novartis Engineered Antibodies to Block the TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint cover?

A patent describing specific genetic blueprints for antibodies designed to bind to and inhibit the TIM-3 protein, a key target in cancer and immune system research.

### Who owns patent US 10472419?

Novartis AG owns this patent, granted in 2019.

### When does this patent expire?

This patent is expected to expire on November 12, 2039, when the invention enters the public domain.

### What is patent US 10472419 cited by?

This patent has been cited by 10 later patents that build on its ideas.

### What problem does this patent solve?

TIM-3 is a major 'checkpoint' protein. When cancer cells exploit these checkpoints, they effectively put the immune system to sleep. By developing antibodies that block this interaction, researchers aim to wake up the immune system to attack cancer. This patent represents a foundational piece of intellectual property for Novartis in the competitive field of immuno-oncology.

### What does this patent NOT cover?

Does not cover any antibody that binds to TIM-3 using different amino acid sequences than those explicitly listed in the claims.

**Full plain-English explainer:** https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/10472419/keytruda-pembrolizumab

**Original patent:** https://patents.google.com/patent/US10472419

---

_Source: PatentBrief — https://patentbrief.org. Patent facts are from public records; the plain-English explanation is PatentBrief's._