{
  "patent_number": "US 10113167",
  "country": "US",
  "title": "How CRISPR-Cas9 Uses RNA to Edit DNA",
  "original_title": "Methods and compositions for RNA-directed target DNA modification and for RNA-directed modulation of transcription",
  "summary": "This patent describes the fundamental mechanism of using a two-part RNA system to guide the Cas9 protein to specific locations in DNA for precise editing.",
  "what_it_does": "The patent claims a system where two separate RNA molecules—a targeter-RNA and an activator-RNA—work together to guide a Cas9 protein to a specific spot on a DNA strand. The targeter-RNA contains a sequence that matches the target DNA, while the activator-RNA binds to the targeter-RNA to form a structure that the Cas9 protein recognizes. Once this complex is formed, it acts like a pair of molecular scissors, allowing scientists to cut or modify DNA at a precise, pre-selected location. This system is designed to be modular, meaning researchers can swap out the targeter-RNA to change which part of the genome is being edited.",
  "what_it_does_not_cover": [
    "Does not cover naturally occurring RNA complexes found in wild-type bacteria.",
    "Does not cover single-guide RNA (sgRNA) designs where the two RNA components are covalently linked by a long loop of nucleotides.",
    "Does not cover the Cas9 protein itself, but rather the specific RNA guide system used to direct it.",
    "Does not cover methods of gene editing that do not utilize the Cas9 polypeptide."
  ],
  "filed": "2016-04-26",
  "granted": "2018-10-30",
  "expires": "2036-04-26",
  "status": "active",
  "holder": "Universitaet Wien",
  "holder_url": "https://patentbrief.org/company/universitaet-wien",
  "inventors": [
    {
      "name": "Krzysztof Chylinski",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/krzysztof-chylinski"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emmanuelle Charpentier",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/emmanuelle-charpentier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Jinek",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/martin-jinek"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jennifer A. DOUDNA",
      "url": "https://patentbrief.org/inventor/jennifer-a-doudna"
    }
  ],
  "times_cited": 49,
  "tags": [
    "biotech",
    "gene_editing"
  ],
  "abstract": "The present disclosure provides a DNA-targeting RNA that comprises a targeting sequence and, together with a modifying polypeptide, provides for site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA. The present disclosure further provides site-specific modifying polypeptides. The present disclosure further provides methods of site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA The present disclosure provides methods of modulating transcription of a target nucleic acid in a target cell, generally involving contacting the target nucleic acid with an enzymatically inactive Cas9 polypeptide and a DNA-targeting RNA. Kits and compositions for carrying out the methods are also provided. The present disclosure provides genetically modified cells that produce Cas9; and Cas9 transgenic non-human multicellular organisms.",
  "url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/10113167/methods-and-compositions-for-rna-directed-target-dna-modification-and-for-rna-directed-modulation-of-transcription",
  "markdown_url": "https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/10113167/methods-and-compositions-for-rna-directed-target-dna-modification-and-for-rna-directed-modulation-of-transcription/md",
  "google_patents_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US10113167",
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}