# International Business Machines Corp — Patents explained on PatentBrief

International Business Machines Corp has 13 landmark patents explained in plain English on PatentBrief.

- [How AI Predicts Who Will Speak Next in a Conversation](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/11645473/palm-pathways-language-model) — granted 2023
  IBM's patent describes a system that uses neural networks to analyze speech patterns and intentions to predict which person will talk next in a conversation.
- [How AI Systems Adjust Their Behavior Based on User Mood](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/10318876/neural-architecture-search-with-rl) — granted 2019
  A system that monitors human-AI interactions to build personality profiles and automatically adjust AI responses to improve communication quality.
- [How Cloud Services Automatically Switch Providers When One Fails](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/10140638/airbnb-review-system) — granted 2018
  A system that uses conversational AI to understand your reliability needs and automatically switches your cloud service to a backup provider if your current one goes down.
- [How a Server Updates Smart Card Apps and Shows Ads](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/9959544/updating-an-application-on-a-smart-card-and-displaying-an-advertisement) — granted 2018
  This patent describes a system where a central server authenticates a smart card user, identifies the specific smart card, allows the user to update applications on it, and then sends an advertisement to the user's computer.
- [How Computers Automatically Adjust Tasks to Run Faster in Data Centers](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/9405582/aws-elastic-beanstalk) — granted 2016
  A method for cloud computers to monitor their own performance while processing massive data tasks and automatically changing their settings or resource levels to stay efficient.
- [How Computers Calculate Probabilities in Large Knowledge Bases](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/9361579/large-scale-probabilistic-ontology-reasoning) — granted 2016
  A method for finding answers in a database of uncertain facts by ignoring probabilities to find a solution first, then calculating how likely that solution is based on the underlying evidence.
- [How to Keep Apps Running Without a Constant Internet Connection](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/7543038/arrangement-and-method-for-impermanent-connectivity) — granted 2009
  IBM's method for letting apps think they are connected to a server even when the internet is offline by using a proxy that stores requests and fakes responses.
- [How Computers Automatically Label Different Speakers in Audio Recordings](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/6424946/amazon-personalized-recommendations) — granted 2002
  A method for identifying and labeling speakers in audio recordings, even if the system has never heard the person speak before, by grouping similar voices and asking a user to name them.
- [Smart Ranking of Emails and Files Based on How You Click](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/6370526/google-adwords-pay-per-click) — granted 2002
  IBM's 1999 patent on automatically sorting lists of items, like emails, by watching which ones you click first and updating a mathematical model of your preferences in the background.
- [How Browsers Automatically Choose Your Start Page Based on History](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/6266060/windows-desktop) — granted 2001
  An IBM patent from 1998 that describes how a web browser can automatically pick which website to load first based on your past browsing habits.
- [How IBM's Storage Controllers Keep Data Backups in the Right Order](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/5682513/cache-queue-entry-linking-for-dasd-record-updates) — granted 1997
  A method for storage controllers to track and sequence data updates in a specific order, ensuring that remote backups remain consistent with the original data during a system failure.
- [How the Floppy Disk's Protective Jacket Cleans the Disk](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/3668658/floppy-disk-diskette) — granted 1972
  An IBM patent from 1972 describing a protective, non-removable cover for a magnetic disk that uses a built-in cleaning material to wipe the disk surface while it spins.
- [How Robert Dennard Invented the One-Transistor DRAM Memory Cell](https://patentbrief.org/patent/us/3387286/dram-memory-dennard) — granted 1968
  IBM's 1967 patent for a memory cell using a single transistor and a capacitor, which became the foundation for all modern computer RAM.

**Full profile:** https://patentbrief.org/company/international-business-machines-corp

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_Source: PatentBrief — https://patentbrief.org. Plain-English explanations of US patents._